Equivalence Relation: A binary relation R on a set A is an equivalence relation if and only if
(1) R is reflexive
(2) R is symmetric
(3) R is transitive
Example: The equality relation (=) on a set of numbers such as {1, 2, 3}
Example: The congruent modulo m relation on the set of integers
The set of elements of A that are equivalent to each other is called an equivalence class. The equivalence relation partitions the set A into muturally exclusive equivalence classes.
Equivalence Relation & class
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